Against France: After France was defeated at the Battle of Saint Queintin, the new french king Henry II, signed the peace of Cateau-Cambresis in 1599.
Against the protestantas in the Low Countries: In 1568, in the northern provinces of the Low Countries, where Calvinism had spread, the population rose up against the king.
Against the Ottoman empire: Felipe II organised the Holy League in order to end the Ottoman control over the Mediterranean Sea.
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